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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.

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Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
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Bipolar disorder: from genes to behavior pathways.

Keri Martinowich1, Robert J Schloesser, Husseini K Manji

  • 1Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, E32000, Titusville, New Jersey 08560, USA. hmanji@its.jnj.com

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|April 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bipolar disorder (BPD) involves mood swings and changes in daily functioning. This review synthesizes neurobiological findings from human and animal studies to advance understanding of this complex mental illness.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BPD) is characterized by recurrent manic and depressive episodes.
  • Individuals with BPD experience alterations in psychovegetative function, cognition, and overall well-being.
  • Understanding the neurobiology of BPD is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current neurobiological findings related to bipolar disorder.
  • To integrate data from diverse research methodologies, including neuroimaging, postmortem studies, genetics, and animal models.
  • To identify future research directions for a comprehensive understanding of BPD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human neuroimaging studies.
  • Analysis of postmortem brain data.
  • Examination of human genetic and pharmacological research.
  • Inclusion of data from animal models of behavior.

Main Results:

  • Neurobiological underpinnings of BPD are multifaceted, involving complex genetic and environmental interactions.
  • Consistent findings across different methodologies point to specific brain regions and pathways implicated in BPD.
  • Animal models offer valuable insights into the behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms of BPD.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding the neurobiology of bipolar disorder.
  • Further research integrating genetic, neuroimaging, and behavioral data is needed.
  • Future studies should focus on refining diagnostic criteria and developing targeted therapeutic strategies for BPD.