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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
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Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

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Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

HIV-1 entry inhibitors: an overview.

Daniel R Kuritzkes1

  • 1Section of Retroviral Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. dkuritzkes@partners.org

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
|April 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This review covers human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry inhibitors, focusing on chemokine receptor antagonists. Approved drugs include a CCR5 antagonist and a fusion inhibitor, with ongoing development for other entry steps.

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An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Published on: April 9, 2014

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • HIV-1 entry is a multistep process: attachment, co-receptor binding, and fusion.
  • Inhibitors targeting these steps demonstrate antiviral activity in clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review HIV-1 entry inhibitors.
  • Focus on chemokine receptor antagonists.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data for various HIV-1 entry inhibitors.
  • Analysis of drug development status for different entry inhibition mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Attachment inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies show activity but haven't reached late-stage trials.
  • Postattachment inhibitor ibalizumab shows promise; CCR5 antagonists (e.g., maraviroc) are approved or in trials.
  • CXCR4 antagonist development is challenging; fusion inhibitor progress is limited.

Conclusions:

  • CCR5 antagonists and fusion inhibitors are approved HIV-1 entry inhibitors.
  • Research continues to develop drugs for other HIV-1 entry points.