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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

Stenting for benign esophageal strictures.

P D Siersema1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. p.d.siersema@umcutrecht.nl

Endoscopy
|April 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Refractory benign esophageal strictures often recur after dilation. Current stents like SEMS and SEPS show limited success, prompting research into new biodegradable stent designs for improved outcomes in dysphagia management.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endoscopic Therapeutics
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Benign esophageal strictures are common, with dysphagia as the primary symptom.
  • Refractory strictures (long, tortuous, narrow) have high recurrence rates after dilation.
  • Current temporary stent options, self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) and self-expanding plastic stents (SEPS), have suboptimal long-term resolution rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the limitations of current stent therapies for refractory benign esophageal strictures.
  • To explore the potential of novel stent designs, specifically biodegradable stents, for this challenging condition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current endoscopic practices for benign esophageal strictures.
  • Analysis of outcomes associated with SEMS and SEPS in refractory strictures.

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  • Evaluation of preliminary data on biodegradable stents for esophageal strictures.

    • Main Results:

    • Dilation is the initial treatment, but refractory strictures pose a significant challenge.
    • SEMS and SEPS demonstrate limited long-term efficacy (<50% resolution) due to tissue ingrowth/overgrowth and stent migration.
    • Biodegradable stents show early promise for managing refractory benign esophageal strictures.

    Conclusions:

    • Existing stent technologies are insufficient for achieving long-term resolution in refractory benign esophageal strictures.
    • Novel stent designs, particularly biodegradable options, are needed to overcome current therapeutic limitations.
    • Further research is essential to validate the efficacy and safety of biodegradable stents in this patient population.