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General External Flow Characteristics

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The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...

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Characteristics of Fluids

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Glass-Based Devices to Generate Drops and Emulsions

Glass-Based Devices to Generate Drops and Emulsions

Published on: April 5, 2022

Fluidization technologies: Aerodynamic principles and process engineering.

Rahul Dixit¹, Shivanand Puthli

¹Drug Delivery Division, Panacea Biotec Ltd., Samarpan Complex, Chakala, Andheri (East), Mumbai 400 099, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

|April 3, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Fluidization technologies enhance pharmaceutical development through improved engineering designs. This review covers fluid dynamics principles and applications like fluidized bed coating and granulation.

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Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Process Technology

Background:

Fluidization principles are integral to pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Engineering designs have advanced to optimize fluidization processes.
Understanding fluid dynamics is crucial for process efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the fundamental principles of aerodynamics and hydrodynamics in fluidization technologies.
To highlight key fluidization applications in pharmaceutical product development.
To discuss equipment design advancements and operational challenges.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on fluidization principles.
Analysis of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic factors in fluidization.
Examination of various fluidization-based unit processes.
Discussion of equipment design evolution.

Main Results:

Detailed explanation of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic principles relevant to fluidization.
Highlighting of specific technologies: fluid-bed coating, fluidized bed granulation, rotor processing, hot melt granulation, electrostatic coating, and supercritical fluid-based fluidized bed technology.
Elucidation of advancements in processing equipment design.

Conclusions:

Fluidization technologies offer significant potential for enhancing pharmaceutical product development.
Continuous improvements in engineering design lead to superior process performance.
Addressing operator-centric processing issues is vital for successful implementation.