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Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes
10:17

An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes

Published on: April 26, 2019

Hepatitis C virus and type 2 diabetes.

Francesco Negro1, Mahnaz Alaei

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Pathology, University Hospitals, Geneva 14, Switzerland. francesco.negro@hcuge.ch

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|April 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increases the risk of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Understanding these glucose metabolism derangements is crucial for managing HCV patients effectively.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Endocrinology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is linked to significant glucose metabolism disturbances.
  • Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are increasingly recognized complications in HCV patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between HCV infection and glucose metabolism derangements.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which HCV impacts insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis.
  • To highlight the clinical implications of IR and T2D in chronic hepatitis C management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
  • Analysis of experimental models investigating direct effects of HCV on insulin signaling.
  • Examination of data on the impact of IR and T2D on HCV progression and treatment response.

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The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
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Main Results:

  • Chronic HCV infection is associated with an elevated risk of developing IR and T2D.
  • Preliminary evidence suggests HCV affects glucose metabolism through innate immune response pathways.
  • IR and T2D exacerbate chronic hepatitis C progression and diminish response to interferon-based therapies.

Conclusions:

  • HCV infection significantly impacts host glucose metabolism.
  • Further research into the underlying mechanisms is essential for improving clinical outcomes in HCV patients.
  • Addressing IR and T2D is critical for optimizing the management of chronic hepatitis C.