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Related Concept Videos

Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides02:23

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.

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Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
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The aging upper lip.

M González-Ulloa1

  • 1Division of Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Dalinde Medical Center, Tuxpan 16-10 Piso, DF Mexico.

Annals of Plastic Surgery
|April 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Upper lip aging can be addressed with a targeted surgical technique. This method resects specific areas to rejuvenate the lip, improving appearance and self-esteem.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Aesthetic Medicine
  • Facial Rejuvenation

Background:

  • The upper lip is susceptible to premature aging, impacting facial aesthetics.
  • Aging of the upper lip can negatively affect self-perception and emotional expression.
  • Conventional treatments like rhytidectomy may not adequately address lip aging concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel surgical approach for upper lip rejuvenation.
  • To address the aesthetic and functional concerns associated with an aging upper lip.
  • To provide a patient-specific method for improving the appearance of the aging upper lip.

Main Methods:

  • A specific tracing method following the alae nasi and philtrum ridge was employed.
  • This tracing defines a precise area for surgical resection tailored to individual anatomy.
  • The technique focuses on rejuvenating the aging upper lip structure.

Main Results:

  • The described resection technique effectively rejuvenates the aging upper lip.
  • This method can correct the conspicuousness of an aging lip against surrounding tissues.
  • It addresses fine wrinkling and the elongated, convex form of the lip.

Conclusions:

  • A targeted resection based on anatomical landmarks offers a solution for upper lip aging.
  • This surgical approach can restore a more youthful appearance to the upper lip.
  • Patient-specific adaptation of the resection area is key to successful rejuvenation.