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Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

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Albuterol metered dose inhaler performance under hyperbaric pressures.

G A Johnson¹, V R Gutti, S K Loyalka

¹Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Jefferson C. Davis Hyperbaric Medicine Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.

Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc

|April 4, 2009

Summary

Albuterol inhaler performance changes in hyperbaric conditions. Particle size and number decrease with pressure, varying significantly by inhaler canister type.

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Aerosol Science
Hyperbaric Medicine

Background:

Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are crucial for delivering medications like albuterol.
Understanding MDI performance under altered atmospheric pressures is important for specific patient populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of hyperbaric environments on albuterol MDI actuation weight, aerosol particle size, and particle number.
To compare the performance of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) powered MDIs with different canister types.

Main Methods:

Albuterol MDIs (CFC, short HFA, long HFA) were tested in a multiplace hyperbaric chamber.
Pressures ranged from 1 ATA (sea level) to 3 ATA (66 fsw).
Weight change per actuation, aerosol particle size (geometric mean diameter), and particle number were measured.

Main Results:

Weight per actuation decreased at 3 ATA for CFC and long HFA MDIs but not for short HFA MDIs.
Nanoparticle size decreased with pressure for CFC and short HFA MDIs.
Particle numbers significantly reduced at 3 ATA for CFC and long HFA MDIs (4-7% of 1 ATA), but less so for short HFA MDIs (26% of 1 ATA).

Conclusions:

Albuterol MDI performance, including weight delivered and aerosol characteristics, is significantly affected by hyperbaric conditions.
The impact of pressure varies depending on the MDI's propellant (CFC vs. HFA) and canister type (short vs. long).
Short canister HFA MDIs demonstrated more consistent performance across tested pressures compared to CFC and long HFA MDIs.