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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Related Experiment Videos

Reactive arthritis.

Brygida Kwiatkowska1, Anna Filipowicz-Sosnowska

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Eleonora Reicher Rheumatology Institute, Warszawa, Poland. kwiatkowskabrygida@gmail.com

Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej
|April 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Reactive arthritis (ReA) is joint inflammation following infections. Management of Chlamydia-induced ReA requires antibiotics due to persistent infection risks, though the disease course varies.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a non-purulent joint inflammation.
  • It typically follows bacterial gastrointestinal or urogenital infections.
  • ReA is a type of seronegative spondyloarthropathy, often associated with HLA-B27 positivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key features of reactive arthritis.
  • To highlight the importance of identifying the triggering infection for management.
  • To emphasize the specific treatment considerations for Chlamydia-induced ReA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of reactive arthritis.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria.
  • Review of treatment strategies based on causative agents.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • ReA presents as asymmetric arthritis, often in lower limbs, with urethritis and conjunctivitis.
  • HLA-B27 is present in 65-85% of patients.
  • Chlamydia-induced ReA necessitates antibiotic treatment due to persistent infection potential.

Conclusions:

  • Reactive arthritis management depends on the triggering infection.
  • Antibiotic therapy is crucial for Chlamydia-induced ReA.
  • The disease course can be acute, self-limited, or chronic.