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Related Concept Videos

Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Desmosomes01:05

Desmosomes

The term desmosome derives from the Greek words "desmo" and "soma" meaning "adhesion bodies." This structure was first observed during the late 1800s and described as small, dense nodules in the epidermis. Desmosomes are button-like structures that help form an interlinked network of intermediate filaments across the cells. These junctions are  essential to hold cells together under mechanical stress and to maintain tissue integrity. Desmosomes are multi-protein complexes comprising desmosomal...
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
Pedigree Analysis01:35

Pedigree Analysis

Overview
Cytoskeletal Linker Proteins - Plakins01:09

Cytoskeletal Linker Proteins - Plakins

Plakins are large proteins with binding domains for microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and membrane-associated protein complexes at cell junctions. Plakin functions are evolutionarily conserved and are primarily involved in organizing the different components of the cytoskeleton by crosslinking them to each other and connecting them to the cell-matrix and cell adhesion complexes. They are also known to interact with signal transducers, serve as scaffolds for signaling...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
06:15

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas.

Markus Braun-Falco1

  • 1Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, München, Germany. markus.braun-falco@med.uni-muenchen.de

Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG
|April 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (PPK) are genetic skin disorders causing thickened palms and soles. Molecular genetics now allows classification based on protein defects, aiding diagnosis despite no cure.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
06:15

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (PPK) are a diverse group of genetic skin disorders.
  • These conditions are characterized by impaired epidermal differentiation and significant palmoplantar hyperkeratosis.
  • Traditional classification relied on clinical appearance, but molecular genetics offers a more precise pathophysiological approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification of hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (PPK).
  • To highlight the role of molecular genetic analyses in understanding PPK.
  • To discuss the clinical spectrum and diagnostic importance of PPK.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (PPK).
  • Analysis of genetic defects associated with PPK, focusing on proteins like keratins, loricrin, desmosomes, connexins, and cathepsins.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • PPK can be classified based on defects in key proteins involved in epidermal differentiation and cornified envelope assembly.
  • Genetic mutations can lead to a wide clinical spectrum, from isolated skin abnormalities to complex syndromes involving other organs.
  • Molecular genetic diagnosis is crucial for accurate identification of PPK subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular genetic classification provides a more accurate understanding of hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (PPK) than clinical appearance alone.
  • Accurate diagnosis through genetic analysis is essential due to the varied clinical manifestations and potential systemic involvement.
  • While causal therapies are lacking, symptomatic treatments can alleviate patient discomfort.