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Related Concept Videos

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...

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A New Portable In Vitro Exposure Cassette for Aerosol Sampling
07:01

A New Portable In Vitro Exposure Cassette for Aerosol Sampling

Published on: February 22, 2019

Side effects from the copper IUD: do they decrease over time?

David Hubacher1, Pai-Lien Chen, Sola Park

  • 1Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. dhubacher@fhi.org

Contraception
|April 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Copper intrauterine device (IUD) side effects like bleeding and pain often decrease over time during menses. However, intermenstrual symptoms may increase, impacting long-term IUD use and counseling for women.

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A New Portable In Vitro Exposure Cassette for Aerosol Sampling
07:01

A New Portable In Vitro Exposure Cassette for Aerosol Sampling

Published on: February 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Medical Devices
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a common contraceptive method.
  • Side effects such as increased uterine bleeding and pain can lead to early removal.
  • Limited data exists on the longitudinal changes in copper IUD side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the temporal trends of side effects experienced by first-time copper IUD users over one year.
  • To provide data-driven insights for counseling women considering or currently using copper IUDs.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of a prospective study involving 1947 first-time copper IUD users.
  • Collection of detailed side effect information over a 1-year period.
  • Application of generalized mixed-effects regression modeling to identify trends.

Main Results:

  • Bleeding and pain side effects during menses generally decreased over the study year (p<.05).
  • Intermenstrual spotting and pain complaints remained stable in frequency but increased in duration (p<.05).
  • Serious side effects requiring clinical attention or IUD removal exhibited varied temporal patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Copper IUD side effects demonstrate complex temporal changes, with some improving and others persisting or worsening.
  • Findings offer valuable information for clinicians counseling patients on potential side effect trajectories.
  • Informed counseling can aid women in making decisions about initiating or continuing copper IUD use.