Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function like a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thoracic paravertebral nerve block combined with general anesthesia for patients undergoing minimally invasive vertebroplasty: effects on pain and lumbar function.

The International journal of neuroscience·2026
Same author

Cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the mini-mental state examination findings.

Biomedical reports·2026
Same author

Tunable nanoarchitectonics of porous biochar through sequential calcium and potassium salt activation for high-efficiency removal of emerging pollutants.

Bioresource technology·2026
Same author

Longitudinal brain health and neurological correlates of sexual strangulation in young adults: Study protocol for a prospective cohort study.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Gadolinium- and water-based blood-brain barrier dysfunction measures in patients with sporadic small vessel disease.

Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior·2026
Same author

Older people's preferences for elderly care mode in Northwest China: a multilevel analysis stratified by socioeconomic status.

BMC geriatrics·2026
Same journal

Amygdala and hippocampal volumes as neural correlates of resilience and loneliness in older adults.

Neurobiology of aging·2026
Same journal

Hippocampal-cortical structural networks in the progression of cognitive impairment: A source-based morphometry analysis in individuals with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Neurobiology of aging·2026
Same journal

Brain structure in the cingulate cortex and locus coeruleus in late life is associated with engagement in complex mental activities across the life span.

Neurobiology of aging·2026
Same journal

Age-related differences in motor learning, sensorimotor neurochemistry, and cortical reactivity co-occur but are dissociated.

Neurobiology of aging·2026
Same journal

How cognition and hearing-related measures covary with hippocampal subfield features from structural MRI in younger and older adults.

Neurobiology of aging·2026
Same journal

Decreased awareness of cognitive decline is associated with multimodal Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired individuals.

Neurobiology of aging·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

Memory activation in healthy nonagenarians.

Michal Schnaider Beeri1, Hedok Lee, Hu Cheng

  • 1Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA. michal.beeri@mssm.edu

Neurobiology of Aging
|April 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain activity during memory tasks is less robust in healthy individuals over 90 compared to younger elderly individuals. This finding supports the cognitive reserve theory in extremely successful aging.

More Related Videos

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis
07:25

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Published on: August 20, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis
07:25

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Published on: August 20, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Aging Research

Background:

  • The oldest old (over 90) represent a rapidly growing demographic.
  • Understanding brain function in this group is crucial for public health.
  • Limited research exists on the cognitive neuroscience of the oldest old.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cerebral responses to a memory task in healthy individuals over 90.
  • To compare brain activation patterns in the oldest old versus healthy younger elderly individuals (70-80).

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study brain activity.
  • A nonverbal memory task was administered to cognitively intact elderly subjects.
  • Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5) and ANCOVA were employed for activation analysis.

Main Results:

  • Both age groups activated similar brain regions (posterior temporal, parietal, frontal cortexes).
  • Younger elderly subjects exhibited more robust activation, particularly in the right hippocampus, parietal, and temporal cortices.
  • These differences persisted after controlling for education, cognition, performance, and brain atrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Lowered brain activation in the oldest old, despite maintained performance, aligns with the cognitive reserve theory.
  • This pattern may indicate extremely successful aging.
  • Further research into the brain activation patterns of the oldest old is necessary.