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Related Concept Videos

Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP02:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP

Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
Types of ChIP
ChIP can be divided into two types - X-ChIP and N-ChIP. X-ChIP involves in vivo cross-linking of histones and regulatory proteins to DNA, fragmenting the DNA by sonication, and isolating the protein-DNA...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Assays for Validating Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors
09:11

Assays for Validating Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors

Published on: August 6, 2020

HDACi--targets beyond chromatin.

Marc Buchwald1, Oliver H Krämer, Thorsten Heinzel

  • 1Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany. Marc.Buchwald@uni-jena.de

Cancer Letters
|April 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) offer novel anti-cancer strategies by altering gene expression and protein function. These compounds show promise for treating cancer and immune disorders.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Assays for Validating Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors
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Published on: August 6, 2020

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09:32

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Published on: October 14, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are crucial regulators of gene expression through chromatin modification.
  • HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) are emerging as therapeutic agents, particularly in oncology.
  • HDACi impact gene expression by inducing histone hyperacetylation, counteracting aberrant gene repression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of HDAC inhibitors beyond chromatin remodeling.
  • To explore the effects of HDACi on non-histone protein acetylation and signaling pathways.
  • To discuss the potential of HDACi in cancer and immune function regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating HDAC inhibitors' mechanisms of action.
  • Analysis of research on non-histone protein acetylation induced by HDACi.
  • Examination of evidence regarding HDACi's impact on protein degradation pathways.

Main Results:

  • HDACi induce both histone and non-histone protein acetylation.
  • Non-histone protein acetylation by HDACi can modulate critical signaling networks in tumorgenesis.
  • HDACi can promote the degradation of oncoproteins, contributing to anti-cancer effects.

Conclusions:

  • HDAC inhibitors possess diverse mechanisms of action, extending beyond chromatin modification.
  • HDACi represent a promising therapeutic avenue for cancer treatment.
  • Further research into HDACi could yield benefits for managing unbalanced immune functions.