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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

Priming in systemic plant immunity.

Ho Won Jung¹, Timothy J Tschaplinski, Lin Wang

¹Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, 1103 East 57th Street EBC410, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 4, 2009

Summary

Azelaic acid and AZI1 protein are key to plant immunity. They prime salicylic acid (SA) defenses, enabling plants to resist pathogens systemically after initial infection.

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Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered Immunity (PTI) in Plants

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered Immunity (PTI) in Plants

Published on: September 9, 2009

Area of Science:

Plant Pathology
Molecular Biology
Plant Immunity

Background:

Plants activate inducible systemic defenses against pathogens.
Bacterial infections increase azelaic acid in plant vascular sap, providing resistance.
Azelaic acid primes salicylic acid (SA) accumulation upon subsequent infection.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of azelaic acid and the AZI1 gene in plant systemic immunity.
To understand how azelaic acid primes SA-induced defenses.
To identify components involved in generating disease-resistant vascular sap.

Main Methods:

Analyzing azelaic acid accumulation in Arabidopsis vascular sap after bacterial infection.
Studying the effects of azelaic acid on SA accumulation.
Investigating the function of the AZI1 gene through mutational analysis.
Assessing disease resistance in wild-type and mutant plants.

Main Results:

Azelaic acid accumulation in vascular sap confers local and systemic resistance to Pseudomonas syringae.
Azelaic acid primes plants for enhanced SA accumulation upon infection.
Mutation of the AZI1 gene specifically abolishes systemic immunity and SA priming.
AZI1 is crucial for producing vascular sap that mediates disease resistance.

Conclusions:

Azelaic acid and AZI1 are integral components of plant systemic immunity.
The azelaic acid-AZI1 pathway is essential for priming plant defenses.
This pathway mediates the mobile signaling required for systemic acquired resistance.