Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A mixed-methods scoping review on bladder self-care practices in women with and without lower urinary tract symptoms.

Continence (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026

Same author

Pelvic Floor Myofascial Pain With Palpation and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026

Same author

Are Bladder-Related Knowledge and Agentic Beliefs Associated With Bladder Health?

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026

Same author

Prevention Strategies for All Hospital-Onset Urinary Tract Infections: Best Practice Consensus Recommendations.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026

Same author

Intermittent Catheters With Integrated Features Designed to Reduce the Risk of Urinary Tract Infection: Findings From the Continence Care Registry, a Multinational, Observational, Longitudinal Study.

Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society·2026

Same author

Theory Guided Analysis of Women's Toileting-Related Beliefs, Behaviors, and Bladder Health.

Nursing research·2025

Same journal

When a situation is "not black or white": Using adaptive leadership to address complex challenges in nursing home care.

Director (Cincinnati, Ohio)·2014

Same journal

Ginger: more than a great spice.

Director (Cincinnati, Ohio)·2009

Same journal

The relationship of urinary tract infections and falls in a nursing home.

Director (Cincinnati, Ohio)·2009

Same journal

Hospice care across the continuum.

Director (Cincinnati, Ohio)·2009

Same journal

Preparing for a survey: focusing on urinary incontinence.

Director (Cincinnati, Ohio)·2009

Same journal

Personalizing blood tests.

Director (Cincinnati, Ohio)·2009

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

The MATRIX study: evaluating the data in older adults.

Diane K Newman¹

¹PENN Center for Continence and Pelvic Health, Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Director (Cincinnati, Ohio)

|April 7, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The MATRIX study found transdermal oxybutynin (OXY-TDS) safe and effective for managing overactive bladder (OAB) in older adults. This treatment improved OAB symptoms and quality of life with minimal local side effects.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

Published on: October 25, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing

Published on: October 25, 2019

Area of Science:

Gerontology
Urology
Pharmacology

Background:

The MATRIX study assessed transdermal oxybutynin delivery system (OXY-TDS) for overactive bladder (OAB) in community-dwelling older adults.
The study population (n=699, aged ≥75 years) exhibited characteristics common in long-term care settings, including comorbidities and a history of OAB.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transdermal oxybutynin (OXY-TDS) for managing OAB in a community-dwelling older adult population.
To assess the impact of OXY-TDS on OAB symptoms and QOL in elderly individuals.
To determine the tolerability and adverse event profile of OXY-TDS in this demographic.

Main Methods:

The MATRIX study enrolled older adults with OAB residing in community settings.
A significant proportion of participants (699 patients) were aged 75 years or older, with many having comorbid conditions and a history of OAB.
Data on OAB symptom improvement, QOL, and adverse events were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

Transdermal oxybutynin (OXY-TDS) demonstrated a favorable safety profile in older adults with OAB.
Adverse events were predominantly minor and local, with skin irritation being the most common.
The OXY-TDS formulation led to significant improvements in OAB symptoms and enhanced patient QOL.

Conclusions:

Transdermal oxybutynin is a safe and effective treatment option for managing OAB in the elderly population.
The transdermal route offers a potentially advantageous delivery method for oxybutynin in older adults, minimizing systemic exposure.
OXY-TDS is a viable therapeutic choice for older adults with OAB, even those with characteristics similar to long-term care residents.