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Related Concept Videos

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...

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Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry
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The origin recognition complex protein family.

Bernard P Duncker1, Igor N Chesnokov, Brendan J McConkey

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. bduncker@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca

Genome Biology
|April 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Origin recognition complex (ORC) proteins initiate DNA replication and have roles in gene silencing and genome integrity. These essential proteins are conserved across eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, highlighting their fundamental biological importance.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Origin recognition complex (ORC) proteins are crucial for DNA replication initiation in eukaryotes.
  • Orc1-5 share structural motifs, while Orc6 is distinct and less conserved.
  • ORC proteins are found in archaea, with bacterial DnaA showing functional similarities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the known functions and conservation of ORC proteins.
  • To highlight ORC's role in DNA replication initiation.
  • To explore additional roles of ORC proteins in cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and comparative analysis of ORC protein structures and functions across different species.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to understand gene evolution and conservation.
  • Review of experimental evidence from yeast, metazoan cells, and genetic studies.

Main Results:

  • ORC proteins are conserved from archaea to eukaryotes, with key roles in DNA replication initiation.
  • ORC proteins are involved in epigenetic gene silencing and interact with heterochromatin factors.
  • Evidence suggests additional roles for ORC in mitosis, cytokinesis, and tissue development.

Conclusions:

  • ORC proteins are fundamental to DNA replication and possess diverse cellular functions beyond initiation.
  • Further research is exploring ORC's involvement in genome integrity and developmental processes.