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Related Concept Videos

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption01:25

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption

Tubular reabsorption, a process occurring post-glomerular filtration of drugs in the renal tubule, is a critical determinant of drug half-life. During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. This...
Renal Drug Excretion: Overview01:15

Renal Drug Excretion: Overview

As primary excretory organs, the kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing waste substances from the bloodstream. They comprise over a million units called nephrons, which serve as the kidney's functional units.
A nephron consists of two primary structures: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a network of capillaries where the first step of renal excretion, glomerular filtration, occurs. Blood pressure forces water, ions, and small molecules out...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption01:22

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption

During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. However, the majority of drugs are either weak acids or weak bases, and their ionization level is dependent on pH. By altering the pH of urine, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats
06:38

Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats

Published on: March 11, 2016

[Drugs renal toxicity].

Svetlana Karie1, Vincent Launay-Vacher, Gilbert Deray

  • 1Service de néphrologie, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris, France. svetlana.karie@psl.aphp.fr

Nephrologie & Therapeutique
|April 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug-induced kidney damage is common and can be severe. This review covers how drugs harm kidneys, focusing on anti-infectives and prevention strategies.

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Direct Drug Delivery to Kidney via the Renal Artery
11:18

Direct Drug Delivery to Kidney via the Renal Artery

Published on: April 17, 2021

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats
06:38

Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats

Published on: March 11, 2016

Direct Drug Delivery to Kidney via the Renal Artery
11:18

Direct Drug Delivery to Kidney via the Renal Artery

Published on: April 17, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Nephrology
  • Toxicology

Context:

  • Drug-induced renal dysfunction is a frequent clinical issue with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Kidneys are uniquely susceptible to drug toxicity due to high vascularization and osmotic gradients.
  • Renal tubules concentrate drugs, increasing exposure and potential damage to glomeruli, tubules, interstitium, and vasculature.

Purpose:

  • To review the mechanisms of drug-induced kidney toxicity.
  • To focus on the nephrotoxicity of anti-infective agents (antibacterials, antifungals, antimalarials, antivirals).
  • To discuss prevention methods and risk factors for drug-induced kidney injury.

Summary:

  • This chapter details the mechanisms by which drugs cause kidney damage, affecting all renal structures.
  • It specifically examines the nephrotoxicity associated with anti-infective drugs.
  • Prevention strategies and risk factor management for drug-induced kidney dysfunction are also addressed.

Impact:

  • Enhances understanding of drug-induced kidney injury, crucial for clinical practice.
  • Provides insights into managing nephrotoxicity from essential anti-infective medications.
  • Aims to reduce adverse renal outcomes by outlining prevention and risk mitigation strategies.