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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...

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Preparation of Washed Human Platelets for Quantitative Metabolic Flux Studies
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Platelet dysfunction in central obesity.

G Anfossi1, I Russo, M Trovati

  • 1Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of the Turin University, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano I-10043, Turin, Italy.

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD
|April 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Central obesity increases cardiovascular risk due to platelet dysfunction and reduced sensitivity to antiplatelet drugs like aspirin. Tailored therapies are needed for obese, insulin-resistant individuals, especially those with type 2 diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Central obesity is a significant risk factor for major cardiovascular events.
  • Platelets play a key role in cardiovascular risk, exhibiting increased activation and reduced sensitivity to antiplatelet agents in obese individuals.
  • Atherosclerosis in coronary, cerebral, and lower limb arteries is exacerbated by central obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review platelet dysfunction in central obesity.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying altered platelet function in obesity.
  • To discuss the implications for antiplatelet therapy efficacy in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on platelet function and central obesity.
  • Analysis of mechanisms including insulin resistance, altered intracellular ions, and oxidative stress.
  • Examination of current therapeutic guidelines and evidence regarding antiplatelet therapy in obese populations.

Main Results:

  • Platelet dysfunction in obesity involves reduced sensitivity to insulin, nitrates, and prostacyclin.
  • Altered intracellular calcium levels and increased oxidative stress contribute to platelet hyperreactivity.
  • Evidence suggests decreased sensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and thienopyridines in obese subjects.

Conclusions:

  • Platelet defects in central obesity may reduce the efficacy of standard antiplatelet therapies.
  • Obesity-associated insulin resistance and oxidative stress impair platelet function.
  • Personalized antiplatelet strategies are likely necessary for obese, insulin-resistant patients, particularly those with type 2 diabetes, to optimize cardiovascular prevention.