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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism
11:04

Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism

Published on: September 1, 2014

ECHO parameters of diastolic dysfunction.

A Schumacher1, Ev Khojeini, Df Larson

  • 1Sarver Heart Center, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Perfusion
|April 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Diastolic dysfunction in cardiac disease can be assessed using echocardiography (ECHO) parameters. This study found specific ECHO measurements effectively identify diastolic dysfunction caused by myocardial remodeling and fibrosis in mice.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Echocardiography
  • Cardiac Physiology

Background:

  • Diastolic dysfunction is common in cardiac disease, affecting diastolic filling and relaxation.
  • Trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) offers high resolution for assessing diastolic dysfunction during cardiac surgery.
  • Identifying specific echocardiography (ECHO) parameters for diastolic dysfunction due to myocardial remodeling and fibrosis is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine which ECHO parameters best describe diastolic dysfunction resulting from myocardial remodeling and fibrosis.
  • To evaluate the utility of transthoracic ECHO in assessing cardiac changes induced by isoproterenol in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • Baseline and post-treatment transthoracic ECHO were performed on C57BL/6J mice.

More Related Videos

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice
12:12

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice

Published on: February 14, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism
11:04

Quantification of Global Diastolic Function by Kinematic Modeling-based Analysis of Transmitral Flow via the Parametrized Diastolic Filling Formalism

Published on: September 1, 2014

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice
12:12

Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice

Published on: February 14, 2017

  • Isoproterenol was administered to induce cardiac remodeling and fibrosis.
  • Myocardial fibrosis was quantified using picrosirius red staining; left ventricular (LV) mass and diastolic parameters were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Isoproterenol treatment significantly increased cardiac fibrosis (5-fold) and LV mass (36%).
    • Key diastolic parameters including E deceleration time, E-A VTI, E/E-A VTI ratio, IVRT, and diastolic time significantly increased.
    • The Ea/Aa ratio decreased, while left atrial dimension and the ECHO index of left atrial pressure (E/Ea) significantly increased.

    Conclusions:

    • Specific transthoracic ECHO parameters, including long-axis and 4-chamber views, can adequately assess diastolic function in the context of myocardial remodeling and fibrosis.
    • These findings support the use of echocardiography for evaluating diastolic dysfunction in patients undergoing open-heart surgery.