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There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.

Regional Terms

Regional Terms

Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the body parts into different regions that contain structures involved in contributing similar functions. Using these terms helps increase the accurate description and identification of the particular region of interest or region affected by the disease.
Primarily, the human body has two major regions, the axial and appendicular regions. The axial region comprises regions from the head to the abdomen and makes up the central body axis. In contrast,...

Region of Convergence

Region of Convergence

The z-transform is a powerful mathematical tool used in the analysis of discrete-time signals and systems. It is a crucial tool in the analysis of discrete-time systems, but its convergence is limited to specific values of the complex variable z. This range of values, known as the Region of Convergence (ROC), is fundamental in determining the behavior and stability of a system or signal. The ROC defines the region in the complex plane where the z-transform converges, which can take various...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...

Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level

Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level

The critical region, critical value, and significance level are interdependent concepts crucial in hypothesis testing.
In hypothesis testing, a sample statistic is converted to a test statistic using z, t, or chi-square distribution. A critical region is an area under the curve in probability distributions demarcated by the critical value. When the test statistic falls in this region, it suggests that the null hypothesis must be rejected. As this region contains all those values of the test...

Cross-Sectional Research

Cross-Sectional Research

In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...

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Related Experiment Video

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Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

Regional case studies--India.

K Srinath Reddy¹

¹Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.

Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series. Paediatric Programme

|April 7, 2009

Summary

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes are major health challenges in India, driven by lifestyle changes and epidemiological transitions. Addressing these requires considering India's unique regional and socio-economic variations in disease prevalence and risk factors.

Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Cardiology

Background:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is projected to be the leading cause of death and disability in India by 2020.
Chronic diseases, including diabetes and hypertension, contribute significantly to India's health burden, with rising prevalence in both urban and rural populations.
India faces a dual burden, with some regions still contending with undernutrition and infectious diseases while others grapple with the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes in India.
To identify the socio-behavioral and epidemiological factors contributing to the rise of these chronic diseases.
To emphasize the need for region-specific strategies in addressing nutrition and physical activity guidelines.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

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Published on: February 2, 2018

Main Methods:

Analysis of existing data on mortality, disability-adjusted life-years, and disease prevalence (diabetes, hypertension).
Examination of socio-behavioral determinants such as smoking, diet, physical inactivity, and stress.
Assessment of epidemiological transition drivers including globalization, urbanization, and migration.

Main Results:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes are significant contributors to mortality, disability, and economic loss in India.
Hypertension prevalence ranges from 20-40% in urban adults and 12-17% in rural adults, with numbers projected to rise.
Lifestyle changes and epidemiological transitions, influenced by global and local factors, are increasing the risk of obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions:

India's health transition is marked by a significant rise in chronic diseases, particularly CVD and diabetes.
Socio-behavioral factors and epidemiological shifts are key drivers of this escalating health crisis.
Effective public health strategies must account for India's heterogeneity in disease prevalence and risk factors, including regional and urban-rural disparities.