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Allergic Reactions

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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

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AQUA: Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes. Development and validation.

Matteo Bonini¹, Fulvio Braido, Ilaria Baiardini

¹Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

|April 7, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new allergy screening tool, the Athlete Questionnaire for Allergy (AQUA), effectively identifies allergies in athletes. This validated questionnaire aids sports medicine in recognizing the high prevalence of allergies in athletic populations.

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Allergy Diagnostics
Epidemiology

Background:

Allergic diseases are increasingly prevalent in athletes.
Current sports medicine practices do not routinely include allergy diagnostics.
There is a need for a reliable screening tool for athlete allergies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an easy and reliable questionnaire for screening allergies in athletes.
To create a tool that can be integrated into routine sports medicine examinations.

Main Methods:

The Athlete Questionnaire for Allergy (AQUA) was adapted from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey Questionnaire.
A 25-question version was finalized after interviews with sports professionals and athletes.
Validation involved 128 professional soccer players, comparing questionnaire results with medical history, physical exams, and immunological tests (skin prick tests, specific IgE).

Main Results:

Skin tests, the gold standard, confirmed allergies in 46.8% of participants.
Allergic athletes had a mean AQUA score of 9.4 +/- 7.8, compared to 1.3 +/- 2.3 in non-allergic athletes.
An AQUA score of 5 or higher demonstrated high predictive value (0.94) for allergy, with 97.1% specificity and 58.3% sensitivity.

Conclusions:

The Athlete Questionnaire for Allergy (AQUA) is a validated, user-friendly tool for allergy screening in athletes.
AQUA can help raise awareness of the significant prevalence of allergies within the athletic community.
The questionnaire is available in 10 European languages, facilitating broader use.