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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Side-effects and venous access issues with immune tolerance therapy.

Manuel D Carcao1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Division of Haematology/Oncology Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. manuel.carcao@sickkids.ca

Haemophilia : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia
|April 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Immune tolerance therapy (ITT) effectively treats haemophilia inhibitors but often requires central venous access devices (CVADs). Complications from CVADs, like infection or thrombosis, can interrupt treatment and reduce ITT effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Immune tolerance therapy (ITT) is the primary treatment for high-titre inhibitors in haemophilia patients.
  • ITT can cause adverse side-effects, including those from factor concentrates and immunosuppressive agents.
  • Frequent venous access for ITT often necessitates central venous access devices (CVADs), especially in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the adverse side-effects associated with Immune Tolerance Therapy (ITT) for haemophilia.
  • To highlight complications related to central venous access devices (CVADs) used during ITT.
  • To discuss how CVAD complications can impact the effectiveness of ITT.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of adverse events in patients undergoing ITT for haemophilia.
  • Analysis of complications associated with central venous access devices (CVADs).
  • Discussion of the impact of CVAD-related morbidity on ITT efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Adverse side-effects of ITT can stem from factor concentrates, immunosuppressants, or CVADs.
  • CVAD complications include infection, malfunction, and venous thrombosis.
  • These complications can lead to treatment interruptions, affecting ITT's success.

Conclusions:

  • While ITT is effective, its associated CVADs present significant risks.
  • Managing CVAD complications is crucial for successful ITT in haemophilia patients.
  • Minimizing CVAD-related morbidity is essential to maintain ITT continuity and effectiveness.