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Updated: Jun 24, 2026
Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: November 19, 2012
Prediction of time trends in recovery of cognitive function after mild head injury
Kay Müller1, Tor Ingebrigtsen, Tom Wilsgaard
1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. kay.muller@unn.no
Objective:
To investigate relations between predictors and outcomes, and especially to identify predictors influencing the time trend in recovery after mild traumatic brain injury.
Methods:
We included 59 patients with mild head injury in a prospective study. They underwent comprehensive assessment with neurological and neuroradiological examinations, serum S-100B analysis, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping. Neuropsychological testing was performed before and 6 months after discharge. Linear mixed models were used to assess associations between baseline predictors and neurocognitive performance and its change.
Results:
A Glasgow Coma Scale score of less than 15, traumatic brain injury demonstrated with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and serum S-100B greater than 0.14 microg/L predicted impaired cognitive performance both at baseline and after 6 months; APOE genotype did not. There was significant improvement of performance after 6 months. APOE-epsilon4 genotype was the only independent factor significantly predicting less improvement.
Conclusion:
The presence of the APOE-epsilon4 allele predicts less recovery of cognitive function after mild head injury.
