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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source
10:32

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source

Published on: April 23, 2021

Ultralong spin coherence time in isotopically engineered diamond.

Gopalakrishnan Balasubramanian1, Philipp Neumann, Daniel Twitchen

  • 1Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.

Nature Materials
|April 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed ultrapure diamond for quantum applications. This engineered material exhibits record spin coherence times, enabling advanced quantum information processing and magnetic field sensing at room temperature.

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Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
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Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source
10:32

Sample Preparation and Transfer Protocol for In-Vacuum Long-Wavelength Crystallography on Beamline I23 at Diamond Light Source

Published on: April 23, 2021

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
07:26

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Quantum mechanics necessitates materials with quantum-grade purity for advanced applications.
  • Carbon-based materials like graphene and nanotubes exhibit unique quantum properties.
  • Designing materials at the quantum level is crucial for future technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize ultrapure, isotopically controlled single-crystal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond.
  • To investigate the quantum properties of electron spins within this engineered diamond lattice.
  • To assess the potential of this material for quantum information processing and sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of single-crystal CVD diamond with depleted (13)C isotope content to 0.3%.
  • Measurement of paramagnetic impurity concentration (<10(13) cm(-3)).
  • Characterization of electron spin dephasing times (T2) and magnetic field sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved unprecedentedly long room-temperature spin dephasing times (T2=1.8 ms) in electron spins.
  • Demonstrated potential for coherent spin coupling at nanometre distances.
  • Showcased magnetic field detection sensitivity of 4 nT Hz(-1/2) with subnanometre resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrapure, isotopically engineered CVD diamond is a benchmark material for solid-state quantum applications.
  • This material enables robust room-temperature quantum information processing.
  • The diamond's properties are highly promising for sensitive nanoscale magnetic field sensing.