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Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
11:26

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

Continuous base identification for single-molecule nanopore DNA sequencing.

James Clarke1, Hai-Chen Wu, Lakmal Jayasinghe

  • 1Oxford Nanopore Technologies Ltd, Begbroke Science Park, Sandy Lane, Oxford OX5 1PF, UK.

Nature Nanotechnology
|April 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel single-molecule DNA sequencing method uses a protein nanopore to identify unlabelled nucleotides with high accuracy. This approach avoids fluorescent labels, potentially lowering costs and increasing sequencing speeds for nucleic acid analysis and epigenetic studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Current DNA sequencing methods often rely on fluorescent labeling, which can be costly and limit speed.
  • Developing label-free sequencing technologies is crucial for advancing genomic research and diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a single-molecule DNA sequencing method that does not require fluorescent labeling.
  • To assess the accuracy and feasibility of identifying individual nucleoside 5'-monophosphate molecules using a protein nanopore system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a protein nanopore with a covalently attached adapter molecule for detecting nucleoside 5'-monophosphate molecules.
  • Employed a system capable of continuously identifying unlabelled nucleotides in real-time.
  • Analyzed kinetic data to ensure high probability of nucleotide translocation and minimize re-registration.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an average accuracy of 99.8% in identifying unlabelled nucleoside 5'-monophosphate molecules.
  • Demonstrated the ability to distinguish methylated cytosine from standard DNA bases (guanine, adenine, thymine, cytosine).
  • Confirmed compatibility of operating conditions with exonuclease activity for potential integration.

Conclusions:

  • The developed protein nanopore system offers a highly accurate, label-free method for DNA sequencing.
  • This technology is suitable for integration into nucleic acid sequencing systems and epigenetic modification analysis.
  • The method shows promise for reducing costs and increasing sequencing speeds in genomic applications.