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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Force System with Vertical V-Bends: A 3D In Vitro Assessment of Elastic and Rigid Rectangular Archwires
Published on: July 24, 2018
Arch form and dimensional changes in orthodontics
Padhraig S Fleming1, Andrew T Dibiase, Robert T Lee
1Maxillofacial Unit, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Ethelbert Road, Canterbury CT1 3NG - Kent, U.K. padhraigfleming@hotmail.com
Abstract:
In the first part of this article arch dimensional changes related to growth and fixed appliance therapy were discussed. A trend towards greater acceptance of arch development and expansion has followed advances in orthodontic appliances and arch wires. Longitudinal studies have highlighted the relapse potential related to expansion of the transverse dimension, particularly the mandibular inter-canine width. In this paper the literature related to arch expansion is considered and its implications for treatment and retention protocols discussed.
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