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Related Concept Videos

Microbial Phylogeny01:28

Microbial Phylogeny

Understanding the evolutionary relationships among microorganisms is fundamental to microbial ecology and taxonomy. Phylogenetic trees are essential tools for inferring these relationships, relying primarily on comparative analyses of molecular sequences such as DNA, RNA, or proteins. In microbial studies, these trees typically depict the evolutionary paths of diverse bacterial and archaeal species by mapping genetic differences accumulated over time.Phylogenetic trees are composed of tips,...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.The length of the branches can depict time or the relative amount of change among organisms. For instance, the branch length might indicate the number of amino acid changes in the sequence that underlies the...
Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.The length of the branches can depict time or the relative amount of change among organisms. For instance, the branch length might indicate the number of amino acid changes in the sequence that underlies the...
Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire...
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The “tree of life” describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ancestor to all life on Earth. All other species radiate from this point, much like the branches of a tree. The numerous tips of these branches on the tree of life represent every living, or extant, species. Extinct species, which are species that no longer exist, can be found towards the center of the tree. Currently, these organisms, both extant and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
08:57

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

Reflections on systematics and phylogenetic reconstruction.

Jeffrey H Schwartz1

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA. jhs@pitt.edu

Acta Biotheoretica
|April 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study questions current phylogenetic reconstruction methods and evolutionary biology concepts. It aims to stimulate discussion on homology, hypothesis testing, and the divide between modern evolutionary synthesis and cladistics.

Area of Science:

  • Systematics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Background:

  • Current debates in systematics and evolutionary biology.
  • The need for critical examination of established concepts.
  • Existing schisms within evolutionary biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provoke discussion on the state of phylogenetic reconstruction.
  • To question fundamental concepts in systematics and evolutionary biology.
  • To explore the divide between different schools of evolutionary thought.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of concepts in phylogenetic systematics.
  • Examination of homology and homoplasy definitions.
  • Analysis of hypothesis testing in evolutionary studies.

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A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts
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A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

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A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles
10:23

A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles

Published on: July 11, 2025

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
08:57

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts
12:00

A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

Published on: February 5, 2014

A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles
10:23

A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles

Published on: July 11, 2025

Main Results:

  • Identifies key areas of contention in phylogenetic reconstruction.
  • Highlights differing perspectives on homology and homoplasy.
  • Discusses objections to Hennigian phylogenetic systematics.

Conclusions:

  • Systematics requires ongoing critical discussion.
  • The schism between modern evolutionary synthesis and cladistics warrants further examination.
  • Re-evaluating core concepts is crucial for evolutionary biology's advancement.