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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria01:07

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria

Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...

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The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Chemical Bath Deposition of Bis(thiourea) Cadmium Chloride Crystals and the Subsequent CdS Obtention
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Cadmium(II) cysteine complexes in the solid state: a multispectroscopic study.

Farideh Jalilehvand1, Vicky Mah, Bonnie O Leung

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4. faridehj@ucalgary.ca

Inorganic Chemistry
|April 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals cadmium(II) cysteinate compounds form cyclic/cage structures with CdS(4) and CdS(3)O units. These findings are crucial for developing environmentally friendly cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticle production methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cadmium(II) cysteinate compounds offer an eco-friendly pathway for cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticle synthesis.
  • CdS nanoparticles are vital components in semiconductor applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coordination and local structure of two cadmium(II) cysteinate compounds.
  • To elucidate the bonding and structural motifs present in these precursors for CdS nanoparticle production.

Main Methods:

  • Vibrational spectroscopy (Raman and IR absorption)
  • Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((113)Cd and (13)C)
  • X-ray absorption spectroscopy (Cd K- and L(3)-edge)

Main Results:

  • Spectroscopic data indicate similar local structures around cadmium(II) ions in both compounds.
  • Analysis revealed protonated cysteine amine groups and coordination involving three to four thiolate groups.
  • Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) suggest CdS(4) and CdS(3)O coordination, with a preference for CdS(3)O.
  • Vibrational data point to monodentate or asymmetrical bidentate coordination of the carboxylate group.

Conclusions:

  • The cadmium(II) cysteinate compounds exhibit a cyclic/cage-like structure.
  • These structures are composed of CdS(4) and CdS(3)O units linked by single thiolate bridges.
  • The findings support the use of these compounds as precursors for environmentally friendly CdS nanoparticle synthesis.