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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
Published on: October 13, 2016
Differential diagnosis of dementia
1Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract:
Alzheimer's disease is by far the most common degenerative dementia, followed by dementia caused by cerebrovascular disease, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. These dementia subtypes have more overlapping signs and symptoms than defining ones. However, accurate diagnosis is important as each subtype has unique prognostic and treatment considerations. Key elements of the history, physical exam and diagnostic tests useful in deferential diagnosis of dementia sub-types are reviewed here.
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