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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...

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InforMatrix for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Robert Janknegt1, Adrianne Faber, Rob Rodrigues Pereira

  • 1Hospital Pharmacist, Clinical Pharmacologist Maasland Ziekenhuis, Postbus, Sittard, The Netherlands. r.janknegt@orbisconcern.nl

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|April 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Choosing ADHD medications involves balancing efficacy, safety, and cost. This review compares atomoxetine and methylphenidate formulations, highlighting differences in ease of use and expense for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treatment.

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Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment requires careful drug selection.
  • Existing treatment options include methylphenidate and atomoxetine.
  • Limited comparative data exists for some ADHD medications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an up-to-date overview of drug selection for ADHD treatment.
  • To facilitate discussion on clinically relevant selection criteria for ADHD medications.
  • To compare available ADHD drugs based on efficacy, safety, tolerability, ease of use, applicability, and cost.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the InforMatrix method for drug selection.
  • Included drugs approved for ADHD in the Netherlands: atomoxetine, immediate-release methylphenidate, and slow-release methylphenidate formulations (Concerta, Equasym, Medikinet).
  • Applied selection criteria: clinical efficacy, safety, tolerability, ease of use, applicability, and cost.

Main Results:

  • Concerta demonstrated higher efficacy than atomoxetine in one study.
  • No significant differences in general tolerability were observed among the drugs.
  • Immediate-release methylphenidate has lower acquisition costs but less ease of use compared to slow-release formulations; atomoxetine is the most expensive.

Conclusions:

  • Drug selection for ADHD should consider a balance of clinical efficacy, safety, tolerability, and cost.
  • Further research is needed for newer formulations like Equasym and Medikinet due to limited studies.
  • The InforMatrix program offers an interactive tool for personalized drug selection based on individual criteria and expertise.