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Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The technique was first published by Albert Coons in 1941 to detect the presence of pneumococcal antigen in tissue sections from mice infected with Pneumococcus. Immunocytochemistry helps localization of proteins or antigens in individual cells like blood cells, stem cells, etc., while immunohistochemistry does the same for tissue samples.
These...

Immunogold Electron Microscopy

Immunogold Electron Microscopy

Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Optimization, Design and Avoiding Pitfalls in Manual Multiplex Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry

Optimization, Design and Avoiding Pitfalls in Manual Multiplex Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry

Published on: July 26, 2019

Optimizing methods in immunocytochemistry: one laboratory's experience.

Victor Valli¹, Elisabeth Peters, Cara Williams

¹Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA. vevalli@illinois.edu

Veterinary Clinical Pathology

|April 9, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Immunocytochemical staining enhances diagnostic cytology specificity, especially for neoplastic diseases. This guide details adapting immunohistochemical techniques for cytologic specimens, including handling and control cell methods.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Optimization, Design and Avoiding Pitfalls in Manual Multiplex Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry

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Published on: July 26, 2019

Optimized Protocol for Intestinal Swiss Rolls and Immunofluorescent Staining of Paraffin Embedded Tissue

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Multiplex Cyclic Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry

Multiplex Cyclic Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

Cytopathology
Immunohistochemistry
Diagnostic Pathology

Background:

Immunocytochemical staining significantly improves the specificity of diagnostic cytology, particularly for neoplastic conditions.
Standard immunohistochemical techniques often require adaptation for cytologic samples, especially air-dried cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the evaluation of sample transport and handling options for immunocytochemistry in diagnostic cytology.
To discuss methods for obtaining control cells from various tissues for immunocytochemical staining.
To outline key immunocytochemical principles and techniques applicable to cytologic specimens.

Main Methods:

Evaluation of sample transport and handling procedures for cytologic specimens.
Development of methods for acquiring and preparing control cells from diverse tissues.
Description of immunocytochemical techniques including fixation, antigen retrieval, and antibody application in manual and automated systems.

Main Results:

Successful adaptation of immunocytochemical staining for cytologic specimens was achieved.
Established protocols for sample handling, control cell preparation, and staining procedures were refined.
Methods are applicable to both external client samples and internal laboratory services.

Conclusions:

Implementing immunocytochemical staining in diagnostic cytology services increases diagnostic accuracy for various diseases.
Specific considerations for cytologic specimens, such as air-dried cells and sample handling, are crucial for reliable results.
The described methods provide a framework for laboratories to add or enhance immunocytochemical capabilities.