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Drug Regulation

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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

Published on: April 14, 2016

Clinical tolerance 2008.

¹Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. adkirk@emory.edu

Transplantation

|April 9, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Three 2008 studies show clinical tolerance is achievable. One study demonstrated long-term survival of human leukocyte antigen-disparate allografts without immunosuppression, marking a significant advance in transplantation tolerance.

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Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

Area of Science:

Transplantation immunology
Clinical research

Background:

Tolerance is crucial for successful organ transplantation.
Achieving long-term graft survival without immunosuppression remains a major challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize key findings from three 2008 publications on clinical tolerance.
To discuss the transition of tolerance from experimental models to clinical application.

Main Methods:

Review of three significant 2008 publications.
Analysis of a study demonstrating reproducible allograft survival without immunosuppression.
Examination of unique clinical tolerance cases.

Main Results:

Demonstration of reproducible human leukocyte antigen-disparate allograft survival without continuous immunosuppressive drugs.
Identification of unique instances of clinical tolerance.
Highlighting the shift towards experiential tolerance in clinical settings.

Conclusions:

The year 2008 marked a pivotal point in understanding and achieving clinical transplantation tolerance.
These findings pave the way for reduced reliance on immunosuppressive therapies in transplant recipients.