Fatal influenza A (H3N2) and Campylobacter jejuni coinfection

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Infectious Diseases
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Timely influenza diagnosis and subtyping are critical, particularly in regions endemic for avian influenza (H5N1).
• Recognizing diverse clinical presentations of influenza, including atypical ones, is essential for effective public health response.

Observation:

• A six-month-old infant, recently in an H5N1-affected region, presented with severe febrile diarrheal illness and minimal respiratory signs.
• Initial diagnosis suggested influenza A of an undetermined subtype, underscoring diagnostic challenges with unusual presentations.

Findings:

• Microbiological analysis revealed a rare co-infection with influenza A (H3N2) and Campylobacter jejuni.
• This dual infection presented atypically, with predominant gastrointestinal symptoms over respiratory ones.

Implications:

• This case emphasizes the need for broad microbiological investigation in severe febrile illnesses, especially after travel to high-risk areas.
• Clinicians must consider co-infections and atypical presentations of common pathogens like influenza, even with minimal respiratory symptoms.
• Enhanced surveillance and diagnostic capabilities are vital for managing influenza and co-infections in vulnerable populations.