Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Fibrotubular Tumors of the Thyroid: An Emerging Thyroid Neoplasm Characterized by Distinctive Morphology and Recurrent OCLN::PRKCI Gene Fusions Spanning the Adenoma-Carcinoma Spectrum.

Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc·2026

Same author

The fascinating history of papillary thyroid carcinoma nuclei: revelation of two nuclear morphologies-"Classical papillary" and "papillary-like", with different pathobiologic characteristics.

Cancer cytopathology·2026

Same author

DNA/RNA-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Improves the Early Diagnosis and Management of Neoplastic Bile Duct Strictures: A 6-Year, Prospective, Multi-Institutional, Real-Time Study.

Gastroenterology·2026

Same author

Chromophobe thyroid carcinoma: a distinct entity associated with TSC gene alterations.

Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology·2026

Same author

Molecular Analysis of Mixed-Type and Branch-Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms.

JAMA surgery·2025

Same author

PancreaSeq Genomic Classifier (PancreaSeq GC) Improves Pancreatic Cyst Classification and Detection of Advanced Neoplasia: A Multi-institutional Validation Study.

Annals of surgical oncology·2025

Same journal

Distinct ALK Expression Patterns Are Associated with Canonical and Noncanonical STRN::ALK Transcript Architectures in Oncocytic Thyroid Neoplasms.

Endocrine pathology·2026

Same journal

Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gallbladder: A Multicenter Case Series and Systematic Literature Review Indicating Predominantly Non-Aggressive Tumor Behavior and a Common Association with Cholesterol Polyps and Cholesterolosis.

Endocrine pathology·2026

Same journal

Genomic Catastrophe Defines the Evolutionary Trajectory of Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Endocrine pathology·2026

Same journal

Three-Tier Prognostic Stratification of Lung Carcinoids (NET G1-G2-G3) by Multivariable, Data-Driven Integration of Ki-67 and Mitotic Count.

Endocrine pathology·2026

Same journal

Impact of Molecular Testing on Surgical Decision-Making in Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: A Global Meta-Analysis Across Test Generations.

Endocrine pathology·2026

Same journal

Molecular Profiling of Digestive Grade 3 Neuroendocrine Tumors Reveals a Shared Molecular Framework with Lower-Grade Tumors, Marked Heterogeneity, and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Endocrine pathology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

MicroRNA expression profiles in thyroid tumors.

Marina N Nikiforova¹, Simon I Chiosea, Yuri E Nikiforov

¹Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. nikiforovamn@upmc.edu

Endocrine Pathology

|April 9, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that regulate gene expression and are crucial in cell functions. Deregulated miRNA expression is observed in thyroid cancer, suggesting their role in tumor development and diagnostics.

More Related Videos

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization

Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization

Published on: June 7, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice

Published on: August 23, 2019

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization

Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization

Published on: June 7, 2016

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Oncology

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous noncoding RNAs.
They function as negative regulators of protein-coding gene expression.
Fundamental cellular processes like differentiation, proliferation, and survival are impacted by miRNAs, and these are implicated in carcinogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and summarize current findings on miRNA deregulation in thyroid tumors.
To explore the potential role of miRNAs in thyroid cancer biology.
To assess the utility of miRNAs in the molecular diagnostics of thyroid cancer.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing studies on miRNA expression in thyroid tumors.
Analysis of data on miRNA deregulation in various thyroid cancer types.
Synthesis of information regarding the functional impact of miRNAs in thyroid cancer.

Main Results:

miRNA expression profiles are significantly altered in human thyroid cancers.
Specific miRNAs are consistently found to be deregulated across different thyroid tumor subtypes.
These deregulated miRNAs show potential as biomarkers for thyroid cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Conclusions:

miRNA deregulation is a common feature of thyroid cancer.
Altered miRNA expression plays a role in the pathogenesis of thyroid tumors.
miRNAs hold promise for developing novel molecular diagnostic tools for thyroid cancer.