Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.

Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids

Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids

Sulfation and α-amino acid conjugation are two critical biotransformation reactions in drug metabolism. Sulfation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, involves adding a polar sulfate group to a drug, enhancing its water solubility and promoting excretion. This process can either co-occur with or occur independently of glucuronidation. Nonmicrosomal sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the process. The reaction involves 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate or PAPS coenzyme activation, sulfur...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

<b>Special Volume of International Symposium of Tropical Fish Ecological Conservation and Biodiversity 2025 (ISTFECB 2025) Part I-Systematics, taxonomy, and species diversity of tropical fishes (Title page)</b>.

Zootaxa·2026

Same author

<b>Special Volume of International Symposium of Tropical Fish EcologicalConservation and Biodiversity 2025 (ISTFECB 2025) Part I-Systematics, taxonomy, and species diversity of tropical fishes (Table of contents)</b>.

Zootaxa·2026

Same author

<b>Preface: Special Volume of International Symposium of Tropical Fish Ecological Conservation and Biodiversity 2025 (ISTFECB 2025) Part I-Systematics, taxonomy, and species diversity of tropical fishes: contributed papers from ISTFECB 2025</b>.

Zootaxa·2026

Same author

<b>A new species of dwarf goby of <i>Trimma</i> (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Taiping Island, South China Sea</b>.

Zootaxa·2026

Same author

<b>A new species of <i>Luciogobius</i> Gill (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from northern Taiwan</b>.

Zootaxa·2026

Same author

<b>A new wriggler of Eleotrid (Teleostei: Xenisthmidae) from Taiping Island, South China Sea</b>.

Zootaxa·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Useful sialic acid modifications catalyzed by palladium.

Chih-Wei Chang¹, Stéphanie Norsikian, Jean-Marie Beau

¹Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles du CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|April 9, 2009

Summary

This study presents a new palladium-catalyzed method for selectively modifying N-acetylneuraminic acid at specific positions. The regioselectivity of the reaction is controlled by the ligands used in the allylpalladium complex.

More Related Videos

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO₂ Source

Published on: August 17, 2018

Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines

Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines

Published on: November 25, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO₂ Source

Published on: August 17, 2018

Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines

Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines

Published on: November 25, 2017

Area of Science:

Carbohydrate Chemistry
Organometallic Chemistry
Organic Synthesis

Background:

N-acetylneuraminic acid is a crucial sialic acid found in various biological structures.
Selective chemical modification of N-acetylneuraminic acid is challenging due to its complex structure.
Developing controlled synthetic routes is essential for accessing novel carbohydrate derivatives.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a regio- and stereocontrolled method for selective modification of N-acetylneuraminic acid.
To investigate the use of palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution for this purpose.
To understand the influence of ligands on the regioselectivity of the reaction.

Main Methods:

Utilizing palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions.
Employing allylpalladium complexes with varying ligands.
Performing regioselective malonylation at the C-2 or C-4 position of N-acetylneuraminic acid.

Main Results:

Achieved a regio- and stereocontrolled solution for selective modification at C-2 or C-4 positions.
Demonstrated that regioselective malonylation is strongly influenced by the ligands on the allylpalladium complex.
Successfully modified N-acetylneuraminic acid with high selectivity.

Conclusions:

Palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution offers an effective strategy for selective N-acetylneuraminic acid modification.
Ligand choice is critical for controlling regioselectivity in these reactions.
This method provides a valuable tool for synthesizing functionalized sialic acid derivatives.