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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
Published on: April 1, 2016
Orthographic neighborhood size effects and associative recognition
Gina A Glanc1, Robert L Greene
1Case Western Reserve University, USA. gglanc@norwich.edu
Abstract:
Three experiments on the role of orthographic distinctiveness (as measured by neighborhood size [N]) in associative recognition are reported. A mirror effect was obtained, with high-N words receiving more hits and fewer false alarms than low-N words. This pattern was replicated in Experiment 2, where participants carried out a relational orienting task. However, the high-N advantage in hit rates was eliminated in Experiment 3 when subjects carried out an item-processing orienting task. The high-N advantage in associative recognition contrasts with the low-N advantage found in item recognition. This reversal of mirror effects between item and associative recognition is empirically similar to patterns found in studies of normative word frequency.
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