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Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic factors, steric factors also account...
Directing and Steric Effects in Disubstituted Benzene Derivatives01:18

Directing and Steric Effects in Disubstituted Benzene Derivatives

When disubstituted benzenes undergo electrophilic substitution, the product distribution depends on the directing effect of both substituents. When the directing effects of both substituents reinforce each other, a single product is obtained. For example, bromination of p-nitrotoluene occurs ortho to the methyl group and meta to the nitro group, which is the same position, resulting in a single product. However, if the directing effects of the two groups oppose each other, the more strongly...
Introduction to Functional Groups02:08

Introduction to Functional Groups


Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of common functional groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry. (The...
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration02:36

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn stereochemistry.
VSEPR Theory02:37

VSEPR Theory

Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) enables us to predict the molecular structure around a central atom from an examination of the number of bonds and lone electron pairs in its Lewis structure. The VSEPR model assumes that electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between these electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The electrons in the valence shell of a central atom form either bonding...
Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes: Markovnikov's Rule02:17

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes: Markovnikov's Rule

If a set of reactants can yield multiple constitutional isomers, but one of the isomers is obtained as the major product, the reaction is said to be regioselective. In such reactions, bond formation or breaking is favored at one reaction site over others.
The hydrohalogenation of an unsymmetrical alkene can yield two haloalkane products, depending on which vinylic carbon takes up the halogen. However, one product usually predominates, where hydrogen adds to the vinylic carbon bearing the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method
05:51

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Published on: July 19, 2019

Steric effect: partitioning in atomic and functional group contributions.

Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat1, Shubin Liu, Frank De Proft

  • 1Eenheid Algemene Chemie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|April 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new density-based method quantifies steric effects in molecules. This approach, decomposing electronic energy into steric, electrostatic, and fermionic quantum contributions, accurately reflects experimental steric scales.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method
05:51

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Published on: July 19, 2019

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

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Published on: January 9, 2014

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08:51

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum chemistry
  • Computational chemistry
  • Molecular modeling

Background:

  • Steric effects are crucial in determining molecular properties and reactivity.
  • Existing methods for quantifying steric effects have limitations.
  • A novel energy partition scheme offers a new perspective on electronic energy decomposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a new density-based quantification of steric effects.
  • To evaluate this method at atomic and functional group levels.
  • To validate the new steric quantification against experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an alternative energy partition scheme to decompose total electronic energy.
  • Analyzing contributions from steric, electrostatic, and fermionic quantum effects.
  • Comparing theoretical steric scales with experimental measurements.

Main Results:

  • Observed reasonable trends in steric effect quantification.
  • Identified linear relationships between theoretical and experimental steric scales.
  • Demonstrated the method's applicability at both group and molecular levels.

Conclusions:

  • The density-based steric quantification provides an intrinsic measure of steric effects.
  • The new method shows strong correlation with experimental steric scales.
  • This approach offers a valuable tool for understanding steric interactions in molecular systems.