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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...

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Related Experiment Video

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A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
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Published on: October 29, 2018

Auditory stream formation affects comodulation masking release retroactively.

Torsten Dau1, Stephan Ewert, Andrew J Oxenham

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Centre for Applied Hearing Research, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark. tda@elektro.dtu.dk

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|April 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perceptual grouping affects comodulation masking release (CMR). Adding sounds after the target signal disrupted CMR when flanking bands were widely spaced, suggesting auditory stream segregation. This indicates that CMR relies on sounds being within the same auditory object.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory perception
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Signal processing

Background:

  • Environmental sounds often feature correlated temporal envelope fluctuations across frequency bands.
  • Comodulation masking release (CMR) demonstrates how these coherent fluctuations enhance signal detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of perceptual grouping mechanisms on CMR.
  • To determine if auditory stream segregation affects across-frequency CMR.

Main Methods:

  • Detection thresholds for a 1-kHz signal were measured with an on-frequency masker.
  • Four flanking bands (comodulated or independent) were presented with narrow (1/6 octave) or wide (1 octave) spacing.
  • The effect of postcursor flanking bands on CMR was examined.

Main Results:

  • CMR was observed for both narrow and wide spacing with comodulated flankers.
  • In the wide spacing condition, CMR was eliminated by the addition of postcursor flanking bands.
  • This disruption of CMR was not attributed to adaptation or general distraction.

Conclusions:

  • The results suggest that postcursor flanking bands can form a perceptual stream, segregating from the masker.
  • This implies that modulation analysis, and thus CMR, occurs within auditory objects.
  • Across-frequency CMR is contingent on the signal and flankers belonging to the same auditory object or stream.