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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: August 7, 2017

Structural and functional MRI in mild cognitive impairment.

Maija Pihlajamäki¹, Anne M Jauhiainen, Hilkka Soininen

¹Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio, Finland.

Current Alzheimer Research

|April 10, 2009

Summary

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain imaging reveals atrophy and altered function in specific brain regions, potentially predicting future cognitive decline.

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Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

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Published on: November 8, 2012

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Neurology
Cognitive Science

Background:

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional phase between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Identifying MCI biomarkers is crucial for early intervention with disease-modifying therapies.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers in vivo insights into brain structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate structural and functional brain alterations in individuals with MCI using MRI.
To identify potential imaging markers for early detection of prodromal AD.
To explore the relationship between brain changes and cognitive decline in MCI subtypes.

Main Methods:

Utilized Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for in vivo assessment of brain structure and function.
Analyzed patterns of atrophy in medial temporal lobe (MTL) and posteromedial cortices.
Examined functional MRI (fMRI) activity, including MTL and resting-state (default mode) networks.

Main Results:

MCI is associated with intermediate atrophy in MTL structures (hippocampus, entorhinal cortex) compared to healthy aging and AD.
Atrophy patterns vary by MCI subtype, affecting posteromedial and lateral temporal cortices.
Functional MRI shows altered MTL activity (increased or decreased) during encoding and impaired resting-state network function in MCI.

Conclusions:

Structural atrophy and altered functional activity in MTL and posteromedial regions are characteristic of MCI.
These neuroimaging findings may serve as indicators of future progression from MCI to clinical AD.
Early detection of MCI through MRI can inform therapeutic strategies for prodromal AD.