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Related Concept Videos

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q in...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...

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Hybrid Clear/Blue Native Electrophoresis for the Separation and Analysis of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes
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Hybrid Clear/Blue Native Electrophoresis for the Separation and Analysis of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes

Published on: May 19, 2019

Mitochondrial respiratory complex I: structure, function and implication in human diseases.

Lokendra K Sharma1, Jianxin Lu, Yidong Bai

  • 1Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.

Current Medicinal Chemistry
|April 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex I, a key part of mitochondrial energy production, is crucial for cellular function. Its dysfunction is linked to various human diseases, highlighting its importance in health and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria generate cellular energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is the largest and least understood component of this system.
  • Recent advances shed light on its structure, assembly, and interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of Complex I structure and cellular functions.
  • To discuss the implications of Complex I dysfunction in human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on Complex I.
  • Synthesis of information on structure, assembly, interactions, and disease relevance.

Main Results:

  • Complex I plays a critical role in electron entry into the respiratory chain.
  • Understanding of Complex I's subunit composition and assembly has advanced.
  • Complex I is implicated in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and various human pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Complex I is vital for mitochondrial energy production and cellular homeostasis.
  • Dysfunction of Complex I is associated with a range of human diseases.
  • Further research into Complex I is essential for understanding and treating these conditions.