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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...

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Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay
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Microtranscriptome regulation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Tony Yuen1, Frederique Ruf, Tearina Chu

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|April 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in pituitary cells. miR-132 and miR-212 are upregulated by GnRH, suggesting their role in regulating GnRH-stimulated biosynthesis.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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Dual Somatic Recordings from Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons Identified by Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in Hypothalamic Slices
09:30

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Published on: February 23, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) controls pituitary gonadotrope function through complex signaling pathways.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are implicated in various biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the microtranscriptome in mouse LβT2 gonadotrope cells.
  • To identify specific miRNAs regulated by GnRH stimulation.
  • To explore the role of GnRH-regulated miRNAs in GnRH-stimulated biosynthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Microarray analysis to detect miRNA expression.
  • Single molecule coincidence detection assays.
  • Hairpin real-time PCR and locked nucleic acid (LNA) primer-extension PCR for miRNA validation.
  • Bioinformatics analysis to predict miRNA targets.

Main Results:

  • Nearly 200 miRNAs were detected in LβT2 cells.
  • GnRH stimulation upregulated two specific miRNAs, miR-132 and miR-212, originating from the same primary transcript.
  • The upregulation of miR-132 and miR-212 peaked at 6 hours post-GnRH exposure.
  • Bioinformatics predicted potential targets for miR-132 and miR-212.

Conclusions:

  • The microtranscriptome plays a significant role in gene control within gonadotropes.
  • miR-132 and miR-212 are implicated as key regulators in GnRH-stimulated biosynthetic responses.
  • These findings highlight novel mechanisms of GnRH action at the post-transcriptional level.