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Related Concept Videos

Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.

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Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
07:03

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Published on: July 31, 2019

Structural and functional asymmetry in the human parietal opercular cortex.

Patrick Jung1, Ulf Baumgärtner, Peter Stoeter

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Patrick.Jung@em.uni-frankfurt.de

Journal of Neurophysiology
|April 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Human parietal operculum shows structural and functional asymmetries, particularly in the posterior region. These brain asymmetries are linked but independent of handedness or auditory processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Brain Anatomy
  • Functional Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The human parietal operculum (PO) is crucial for sensory processing.
  • Investigating asymmetries in the PO is key to understanding brain lateralization.
  • Previous studies have suggested but not definitively shown PO asymmetries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate functional and structural asymmetries in the human parietal operculum (PO).
  • To determine the relationship between structural and functional measures within the PO.
  • To explore the correlation of PO asymmetries with handedness and auditory lateralization.

Main Methods:

  • Combined electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were utilized.
  • Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded.
  • Source analysis and morphometric analysis were performed on MRI data.

Main Results:

  • Functional asymmetries were observed in the contralateral N110 source activity within the PO.
  • Structural analysis revealed left-lateralized sizes in the posterior PO (pPO).
  • The asymmetry of the N110 source was significantly correlated with pPO structural asymmetry.

Conclusions:

  • The human PO exhibits both structural and functional asymmetries.
  • These asymmetries are closely interrelated within the PO.
  • PO asymmetries are independent of handedness and auditory lateralization.