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A urinary biomarker profile for children with HIV-associated renal diseases

Angel A Soler-García1, Natella Y Rakhmanina, Parnell C Mattison

  • 1Center for Molecular Physiology Research, Division of Nephrology, Children's National Medical Center, Children's Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA.

Kidney International
|April 10, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Biomarkers in urine may help diagnose kidney disease in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Lower epidermal growth factor and higher fibroblast growth factor-2 and metalloproteinase-2 levels indicate risk for HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are susceptible to renal diseases, notably HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN).
  • HIVAN diagnosis typically requires renal biopsy, a risky procedure for immunocompromised children.
  • Identifying non-invasive biomarkers is crucial for early detection and management of HIVAN in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify urinary growth factor biomarkers predictive of renal lesions in HIV-infected children.
  • To assess the potential of these biomarkers for diagnosing HIVAN and its severity.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed urinary growth factor levels (epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, metalloproteinase-2) in 55 HIV-infected children.
  • Correlated biomarker levels with the presence and extent of renal disease.
  • Validated findings in a mouse model (HIV-Tg26) of HIVAN.

Main Results:

  • Lower urinary epidermal growth factor levels were observed in children with renal disease.
  • Higher urinary fibroblast growth factor-2 and metalloproteinase-2 levels were found in children with renal disease.
  • Similar biomarker changes were noted in HIV-Tg26 mice, correlating with disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • A specific urinary growth factor profile may aid in diagnosing HIVAN in at-risk children.
  • These biomarkers could facilitate earlier detection and intervention for HIV-related kidney disease.
  • Non-invasive biomarker assessment offers a promising alternative to renal biopsy in certain clinical scenarios.

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