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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Localization, Identification, and Excision of Murine Adipose Depots
08:53

Localization, Identification, and Excision of Murine Adipose Depots

Published on: December 4, 2014

Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity.

M Blüher1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. bluma@medizin.uni-leipzig.de

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes : Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [And] German Diabetes Association
|April 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity causes adipose tissue dysfunction, leading to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these mechanisms is key to preventing obesity-related health problems.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Localization, Identification, and Excision of Murine Adipose Depots
08:53

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Published on: December 4, 2014

Isolation of Adipogenic and Fibro-Inflammatory Stromal Cell Subpopulations from Murine Intra-Abdominal Adipose Depots
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Identification and Dissection of Diverse Mouse Adipose Depots
06:31

Identification and Dissection of Diverse Mouse Adipose Depots

Published on: July 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic disorders
  • Obesity research
  • Adipose tissue biology

Background:

  • Obesity incidence has risen dramatically, threatening life expectancy due to associated disorders.
  • Adipose tissue dysfunction is a primary defect in obesity, linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Not all obese individuals develop comorbidities, suggesting preserved adipose tissue function plays a protective role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms causing impaired adipose tissue function in obesity.
  • To explore links between adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity-related disorders.
  • To propose a model of pathogenic factors contributing to adipose tissue dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on mechanisms of adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to adipocyte hypertrophy, hypoxia, and inflammation.
  • Discussion of ectopic fat accumulation and its relation to adipose tissue dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction involves genetic and environmental factors.
  • Key features include adipocyte hypertrophy, hypoxia, stress, inflammation, and altered adipokine secretion.
  • Ectopic fat accumulation, like visceral obesity, is a consequence of impaired adipose tissue function.

Conclusions:

  • Adipose tissue dysfunction is central to obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Understanding these pathogenic mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
  • A proposed model illustrates how various factors lead to adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity.