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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia and changing axis deviation associated with scleroderma.

Salvatore Patanè1, Filippo Marte, Mauro Sturiale

  • 1Cardiologia Nuovo Presidio Ospedaliero Cutroni Zodda-Barcellona PdG(Me) AUSL5 Messina, Italy. patane-@libero.it

International Journal of Cardiology
|April 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Scleroderma patients can experience serious heart rhythm disturbances, including atrial flutter and ventricular tachycardia. This case highlights changing axis deviation as a potential indicator of cardiac issues in scleroderma.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Scleroderma is a fibrotic connective tissue disease with immunological and vascular components.
  • Cardiac involvement in scleroderma can manifest as myocardial disease, conduction abnormalities, arrhythmias, and pericardial disease.
  • Renal crisis and pulmonary hypertension in scleroderma contribute to secondary cardiac dysfunction.

Observation:

  • A 61-year-old Italian woman with scleroderma presented with atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, and changing axis deviation.
  • Changing axis deviation has been previously associated with atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and acute myocardial infarction.

Findings:

  • This case underscores the association between scleroderma and significant cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Changing axis deviation was observed in conjunction with complex arrhythmias in this scleroderma patient.
  • Myocardial fibrosis and autoimmune mechanisms are implicated in the arrhythmogenesis of scleroderma.

Implications:

  • Increased awareness of cardiac manifestations, particularly arrhythmias and axis deviation, is crucial in scleroderma management.
  • Further research into the underlying mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias in scleroderma is warranted.
  • Early detection and management of cardiac involvement may improve outcomes for scleroderma patients.