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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage
06:40

Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage

Published on: October 21, 2015

Chapter 2. Evolution of vertebrate cartilage development.

Guangjun Zhang1, B Frank Eames, Martin J Cohn

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Cancer/Genetics Research Complex, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|April 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances in molecular genetics and paleobiology reveal the deep evolutionary origins of the gene network regulating vertebrate skeleton development. Further research is needed to fill knowledge gaps in early skeletal evolution.

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Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage
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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary developmental biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Paleobiology

Background:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding vertebrate skeletogenesis.
  • Studies integrate genetic analysis, human genetics, comparative development, and fossil analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss recent progress in vertebrate skeletal evolution and development.
  • To identify key knowledge gaps in early skeletal evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis of model organisms
  • Human genetics studies
  • Comparative developmental studies of basal vertebrates and nonvertebrate chordates
  • Cladistic and histological analyses of fossil vertebrates

Main Results:

  • An unexpectedly deep origin of the gene network regulating chondrogenesis has been discovered.
  • Integration of diverse studies has revitalized the field of skeletal development and evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Current research has significantly advanced our understanding of early vertebrate skeletal evolution.
  • Further investigation is required to address remaining questions and fill knowledge gaps.