[Molecular mechanisms and correlations of insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus]

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Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance
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Gábor Winkler1, Károly Cseh

  • 1Fovárosi Onkormányzat Szent János Kórház és Eszak-budai Egyesített Intézményei II. Belgyógyászati Osztály Budapest. gabor.winkler@mail.janoskorhaz.hu

Orvosi Hetilap
|April 14, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Adipose tissue secretes proteins that either impair or improve insulin signaling, contributing to insulin resistance. Understanding these adipokines is key for metabolic disease research.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Context:

  • Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ.
  • Adipose tissue secretes numerous proteins (adipokines) that influence systemic metabolism.
  • Insulin resistance is a hallmark of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose:

  • To review the dual role of adipose tissue-derived proteins in insulin receptor signaling.
  • To discuss the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance.
  • To highlight proteins that promote or inhibit insulin signal transduction.

Summary:

  • Adipose tissue cells secrete proteins that modulate insulin receptor signaling via auto-, para-, and endocrine pathways.
  • Certain adipokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, resistin, and retinol-binding protein 4, inhibit insulin signaling, contributing to insulin resistance in various tissues.
  • Conversely, adiponectin, visfatin, and chemerin enhance insulin receptor signaling, while mechanisms like suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are implicated in both insulin and cytokine resistance.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of adipokine function in insulin resistance.
  • Identifies key molecular players in metabolic dysfunction.
  • Informs potential therapeutic strategies for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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