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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated, individuals become less...
Leaving Groups02:14

Leaving Groups

The nature of leaving groups strongly influences the outcome of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
In general, in a nucleophilic substitution reaction, a nucleophile displaces a functional group, called the leaving group, from the substrate to give a substituted product. A leaving group departs the substrate molecule through heterolytic cleavage, taking the pair of electrons with it to become a relatively stable weak base in the form of an anion or a neutral molecule.  
In a nucleophilic...
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
Groupthink01:34

Groupthink

When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
Obedience01:08

Obedience

According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation, obedience...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

Why don't they just quit?

Clifford A McNaughton1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota, USA.

South Dakota Medicine : the Journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association
|April 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physician interventions for smoking cessation often fail due to nicotine addiction, learned behaviors, mood disorders, personality, and genetics. Understanding these factors is key to improving quit rates and patient outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Behavioral Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Physician intervention for smoking cessation is increasingly emphasized.
  • Despite these efforts, many patients struggle to quit smoking successfully.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifactorial reasons behind patient difficulties in smoking cessation.
  • To present guidelines aimed at enhancing smoking cessation rates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on factors influencing smoking cessation.
  • Analysis of physiological, psychological, and genetic elements impacting quit attempts.

Main Results:

  • Nicotine addiction significantly hinders cessation.
  • Conditioned stimulus-response learning plays a role in relapse.
  • Mood disorders, personality traits, and individual genetics are significant determinants of cessation success.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the complex interplay of addiction, behavior, and individual factors is crucial for effective smoking cessation.
  • Implementing targeted guidelines can improve physician success in helping patients quit smoking.