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The insect SNMP gene family.

Richard G Vogt1, Natalie E Miller, Rachel Litvack

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. vogt@biol.sc.edu

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|April 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Insect SNMP proteins, related to human CD36, form two main evolutionary sub-clades, SNMP1 and SNMP2. Expansions in some species suggest SNMP1 may have an expanded functional role in insect chemosensation.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Insect genetics

Background:

  • Odorant receptors in insects are crucial for detecting environmental cues like pheromones.
  • SNMPs (Sensory neuron membrane proteins) are insect gene clades related to the human CD36 transporter and associate with chemosensory neurons.
  • Previous work suggested a complex SNMP clade structure within insects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve the evolutionary relationships within the insect SNMP gene clade.
  • To identify orthologous SNMP genes across diverse insect orders.
  • To investigate potential functional expansions of SNMP genes in specific insect lineages.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative sequence analysis of SNMP1 and SNMP2 genes using cDNA and genomic data.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to resolve the SNMP clade structure.
  • Evolutionary selection analysis (dN/dS ratios) to infer functional expression of dipteran SNMPs.

Main Results:

  • Identified two well-supported SNMP sub-clades, SNMP1 and SNMP2, conserved across Diptera and Lepidoptera, and likely Holometabola.
  • Corrected orthologous sequences in several insect genomes.
  • Provided evidence for functional expression of dipteran SNMPs.
  • Observed expansions of the SNMP1 sub-clade in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Tribolium castaneum.

Conclusions:

  • The insect SNMP gene family is structured into two major clades, SNMP1 and SNMP2, with deep evolutionary roots.
  • SNMP1 may possess an expanded functional repertoire in certain insect species, potentially related to chemosensation.
  • Further research into SNMP function in specific insect groups is warranted.