Related Experiment Videos
Suboptimal nutritional intake for hypertension control in 4 ethnic groups
Sue K Gao1, Annette L Fitzpatrick, Bruce Psaty
1Amgen Inc, 1 Amgen Center Dr, MS28-3A, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA. sgao@amgen.com
Archives of Internal Medicine
|April 15, 2009
Summary
Few adults meet Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) nutrient targets. Ethnic variations exist in DASH goal attainment, and excluding dietary supplements may underestimate nutrient intake adherence.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Cardiovascular Health
- Public Health
Background:
- Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) guidelines are crucial for hypertension management.
- Understanding nutrient intake patterns based on DASH guidelines is vital for multiethnic populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare nutrient intake adherence to DASH guidelines across diverse ethnic groups.
- To examine associations between nutrient intake, ethnicity, and hypertension status.
Main Methods:
- Quantitative analysis of baseline data from 5972 adults (aged 45-84) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort.
- Dietary information collected via a 120-item food frequency questionnaire.
- Bivariate and multivariate analyses assessed DASH-accordant intake of key nutrients (fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, protein, fiber, calcium, magnesium, potassium) by ethnicity and hypertension.
Main Results:
- Less than 30% of participants met any DASH nutrient target, with lowest adherence for saturated fat (5.3%) and highest for cholesterol (29.5%).
- Significant ethnic differences in DASH accordance were observed for most nutrients, except saturated fat.
- Chinese Americans showed higher adherence for cholesterol and protein but lower for total fat, magnesium, and potassium compared to whites. African Americans and Hispanics had higher fiber but lower calcium adherence. Diagnosed hypertension was linked to lower adherence in saturated fat and magnesium.
- DASH accordance varied significantly when dietary supplements were included versus excluded.
Conclusions:
- Substantial ethnic variations exist in achieving DASH nutrient goals.
- Excluding dietary supplements from nutrient intake assessments may lead to underestimation of DASH adherence.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Hypertension IV: Drug Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications
Multiple classes of antihypertensive medications are employed in treating hypertension. The most commonly recommended first-line treatments include:Thiazide Diuretics, such as chlorthalidone, increase sodium and water excretion from the body, reducing blood volume and blood pressure.Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, like lisinopril, block the conversion of angiotensin I to II, a potent vasoconstrictor lowering blood pressure.Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) prevent angiotensin II...
01:18Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure
Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
01:28Hypertension I: Introduction
Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
01:29Hypertension II: Pathophysiology
Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
01:23Hypertension V: Nursing Management
The nursing management of hypertension involves accurately assessing symptoms, making a comprehensive nursing diagnosis, collaborating with patients to set goals, and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the condition's impact and improve patient well-being.Comprehensive AssessmentThe initial step in nursing care for hypertension involves a thorough patient assessment. It includes evaluating symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and previous hypertension episodes.
01:28Factors affecting Blood pressure
Several physiological and lifestyle factors influence blood pressure (BP). Understanding these factors is crucial as they are significant in patient education and blood pressure management.
Physiological Factors:
Physiological Factors: