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Related Concept Videos

Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype01:26

Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

β-adrenoceptors have varied sensitivities towards adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline. The order of agonist potency is as follows:
Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors have equal affinities for...
Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification01:27

Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification

Adrenergic receptors, or adrenoceptors, respond to the autonomic neurotransmitter noradrenaline and other endogenous catecholamine agonists. They are classified into two main families, α and β, based on their pharmacological response and are further subdivided depending on their location, elicited response, and affinity to specific agonists or antagonists.
α-Adrenoceptors
α-Adrenoceptors are classified into two main subtypes: α1 and α2. The α1 adrenoceptors, which are found on postsynaptic...
Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype01:31

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase C—inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate...
Sympathetic Signaling01:31

Sympathetic Signaling

Sympathetic signaling, a vital part of the autonomic nervous system, plays a crucial role in mobilizing the body's resources in response to stress or emergencies. It involves the transmission of nerve impulses from sympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers. This results in the release of specific neurotransmitters and activation of adrenergic receptors.
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...
Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers01:31

Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers

Third-generation β-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular conditions. Unlike conventional β-blockers, which can induce peripheral vasoconstriction, third-generation drugs block α1 adrenoceptors. This promotes vasodilation through several mechanisms, such as increased nitric oxide production, inhibition of calcium ion entry, opening of potassium ion channels, and antioxidant action. Labetalol, for instance, is clinically...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers01:17

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers

β1-receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. In cardiac myocytes, these receptors interact with neurotransmitters released by the sympathetic nervous system during heightened activity or danger. As a result, β1-receptors get activated, initiating a series of biochemical processes. Excessive activation of beta receptors due to chronic stress can abnormally increase heart rate and contractility, resulting in high blood pressure or hypertension. To counteract this, β1-blockers...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro
09:41

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro

Published on: March 17, 2023

Beta3-adrenoceptor function and long-term changes in body weight.

D Andersson1, H Wahrenberg, P Löfgren

  • 1Department for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.

International Journal of Obesity (2005)
|April 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Beta-3 adrenoceptors (beta(3)-ARs) are key regulators of long-term body weight changes in women. Lower beta(3)-AR function predicts weight gain, while higher function is associated with weight maintenance or loss.

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Determining Basal Energy Expenditure and the Capacity of Thermogenic Adipocytes to Expend Energy in Obese Mice
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Determining Basal Energy Expenditure and the Capacity of Thermogenic Adipocytes to Expend Energy in Obese Mice
06:57

Determining Basal Energy Expenditure and the Capacity of Thermogenic Adipocytes to Expend Energy in Obese Mice

Published on: November 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Regulation
  • Adipose Tissue Biology

Background:

  • Endogenous factors influencing long-term body weight regulation remain largely unknown.
  • Adrenergic receptor subtypes, including beta-adrenoceptors (beta(1)-AR, beta(2)-AR, beta(3)-AR) and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors (alpha(2)-AR), are implicated in energy metabolism control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) and alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(2)-AR) subtype function in subcutaneous fat cells.
  • To determine the association between baseline adrenoceptor function and longitudinal changes in body weight over a 10-year period in healthy, non-obese women.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study involving 85 healthy, non-obese women.
  • Subcutaneous fat cells analyzed for beta(1)-AR, beta(2)-AR, beta(3)-AR, and alpha(2)-AR subtype function using a standardized bioassay of lipolysis.
  • 73 women were re-evaluated after approximately 10 years to correlate baseline adrenoceptor function with body weight changes.

Main Results:

  • Long-term body weight changes, measured by body mass index, ranged from -4 kg/m(2) to +6 kg/m(2).
  • A significant inverse correlation was found between baseline beta(3)-AR function and long-term body weight changes (r=0.5, P=0.001).
  • Lower beta(3)-AR function was associated with weight gain, while higher function was linked to weight maintenance or loss. Beta(3)-AR status explained 19% of weight changes. No significant associations were observed for alpha(2)-AR, beta(1)-AR, or beta(2)-AR function.

Conclusions:

  • Beta-3 adrenoceptors (beta(3)-ARs) play a crucial role in regulating long-term body weight changes in adult women.
  • Energy metabolism within adipose tissue, mediated by beta(3)-ARs, is a primary endogenous factor influencing adult body weight regulation.